ABSTRACT
Prevention remains the most effective way to reduce the burden of spinal injuries (SI). Estimating the incidence and causes of SI is essential for the development of prevention programs. To reveal the current state of Brazilian ST epidemiology. To evaluate the current state of Brazilian SI epidemiology, we performed an electronic search using the Lilacs database (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Fifteen papers and one unsubmitted ongoing study (BH project) reported the epidemiologic status of ST in Brazil. The mean age of SI patients was 34,75 years, and 84% of patients were male. The most commonly affected segment was the cervical spine (36.65%). The incidence ranged from 16 to 26 patients per million per year (average 21 per million per year). The average rate of complete spinal cord injury among five papers was 34%. The average mortality in four papers was 11.58%. Analyzing published national epidemiological data enables the estimation of the current state of Brazilian SI epidemiology.
A prevenção continua a ser a forma mais eficaz de reduzir o ônus das lesões na coluna vertebral (TRM). A estimativa da incidência e das causas do TRM é essencial para o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção. Para revelar os dados epidemiológicos do TRM no Brasil, foi realizada uma busca eletrônica utilizando o banco de dados Lilacs (Literatura do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde da América Latina e Caribe). Quinze artigos publicados em um estudo em andamento (projeto BH) relataram a situação epidemiológica do TRM no Brasil. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34,75 anos; 84% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. O segmento vertebral mais afetado foi a coluna cervical (36,65%). A incidência variou de 16 a 26 pacientes por milhão por ano (média de 21 por milhão por ano). A média de lesão medular completa entre cinco trabalhos que descreveram a variável foi de 34%. A média de mortalidade em quatro trabalhos foi de 11,58%. A análise dos trabalhos permite estimar os dados epidemiológicos nacionais, revelando sua distribuição e gravidade, possibilitando comparações com estudos futuros.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Members of the 14-3-3 protein family are involved in many important cellular events, including stress response, survival and apoptosis. Genes of the 14-3-3 family are conserved from plants to humans, and some members are responsive to UV radiation. Despite the high rate of pollution generated by nano-pollutants, up to now is totally obscure their toxic effect on development. Embryos treated with carbon nanoparticles, RNA preparation, retrotranscription and quantitative real-time PCR. In response to carbon nano-particles exposure, the embryos collected 24 h later showed a 3,07-fold at 5x10[12] p and a 1,58-fold at 2.5x10[13] p and a 1,92-fold at 2.5x10[14] p increase in Pl14-3-3epsilon transcript levels compared with controls. The Pl14-3-3epsilon mRNA delocalization parallels the failure in archenteron elongation observed morphologically, as well as the lack of specific endoderm markers. Here, we report the isolation of the complete cDNA encoding the 14-3-3 epsilon isoform from Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos, referred to as Pl14-3-3epsilon. Pl14-3-3epsilon mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR during development and found to increase from the mesenchyme blastula to the prism stage. Our results confirm the involvement of 14-3-3epsilon in the stress response elicited by carbon nano-particles.
ABSTRACT
To determine the effects of chronic streptozotocin diabetes on the morphology of ileal epithelium and to find out the effects of chronic Azadirachta indica treatment on STZ-induced ileal lesions. Twenty-five Wistar rats of both sexes [5-8 weeks old] were used. Diabetes was induced in 15 rats with an i.p. dose of 70 mg/kg bw/d of STZ in citrate buffer [0.1 M; pH 4.5]. Animals were randomly sorted into five groups of five rats each: control, diabetic, diabetic+neem, diabetic+ glibenclamide, neem only. Azadirachta indica was administered at 500 mg/kg bw/d for 50d, diabetic rats showed superficial erosion of ileal mucosa with necrosis of goblet cells. Such lesions were however absent in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic rats treated with neem. These findings suggest that [i] chronic streptozotocin diabetes is associated with intestinal lesion; [ii] neem prevents STZ-induced intestinal lesions; and [iii] exposure of intestinal mucosa to the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica in non-diabetic rats is not associated with deleterious effects